En anglais “GPU enclosures”. Nécessite un port Thunderbolt 3, 4 ou à venir 5.

Mes expériences eGpu avec mon Mint 21.3 (Ubuntu 22.04) kernel 6.8.

• https://egpu.io/best-egpu-buyers-guide/
• eBay th3p4
  • Thunderbolt 3/4 PD 40Gbps DC/ATX TH3P4 GPU Dock Graphics Card Extension Bracket $207
• https://www.sonnetstore.com/collections/gpu-solutions
• DIY Thunderbolt eGPU with EXP GDC TH3P4 and 3D-printed chassis

• WKGL17 Wikingoo
  • acheté
  • RTX 3060 ok
  • RTX 5060 à peu près ok (ça plante selon les modèles)
• TB3-HL7
  • attention, une fois trouver la bonne position ne plus rien bouger.
  • RTX 3060 ok
• ADT UT4G-BK7 TB3/TB4 vers PCIe x16 PCIe 4.0 x4 GPU Dock

Au final on ne fait tourner que de petits models avec de petit context …

NVidia Driver Installation Guide

• nvidiafb: framebuffer support
• nvidia_modeset: Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) support
• nvidia_uvm: Unified Virtual Memory (UVM) support
• nvidia_drm: Direct Rendering Management (DRM) support

Après plantage du driver, essayer de le décharger avec sudo rmmod nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm nvidia_modeset nvidia.

La RTX 3060 fonctionne bien avec la version 580 nvidia-headless-580-open, nvidia-dkms-580-open

$ sudo apt install nvidia-headless-575-open
Les NOUVEAUX paquets suivants seront installés :
libnvidia-cfg1-575 libnvidia-compute-575 libnvidia-decode-575 libnvidia-gpucomp-575 nvidia-compute-utils-575 nvidia-dkms-575-open nvidia-firmware-575 nvidia-headless-575-open nvidia-headless-no-dkms-575-open nvidia-kernel-common-575 nvidia-kernel-source-575-open nvidia-persistenced

ggml_cuda_init: failed to initialize CUDA: CUDA driver version is insufficient for CUDA runtime version

NVIDIA GA104 [GeForce RTX 3060]

$ nvidia-smi
Sat Nov 22 10:11:42 2025
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 565.57.01              Driver Version: 565.57.01      CUDA Version: 12.7     |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060        Off |   00000000:05:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
|  0%   33C    P8             10W /  170W |       7MiB /  12288MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+

J'ai du mal avec cette carte:

• avec le bridge PCI Cyid TB3-HL7 (JHL7540) : Échec complet
• avec le bridge PCI Wikingoo WKGL17-C50 : Carte reconnue et llama-bench fonctionne
  • par contre l'ensemble n'est pas stable, ça plante sans prévenir, souvent éteindre de force le laptop …

Avec driver nvidia 565 la carte n'est pas reconnue par le driver :

...
nov. 22 10:14:57 ubuntu-NS5x-NS7xAU kernel: NVRM: The NVIDIA GPU 0000:05:00.0 (PCI ID: 10de:2d04)
                                            NVRM: installed in this system is not supported by the
                                            NVRM: NVIDIA 565.57.01 driver release.
                                            NVRM: Please see 'Appendix A - Supported NVIDIA GPU Products'
                                            NVRM: in this release's README, available on the operating system
                                            NVRM: specific graphics driver download page at www.nvidia.com.
nov. 22 10:14:57 ubuntu-NS5x-NS7xAU kernel: nvidia: probe of 0000:05:00.0 failed with error -1
...

$ nvidia-smi
Failed to initialize NVML: No supported GPUs were found
Unable to determine the number of GPUs

$ lspci -nn | grep -i nvidia
05:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:2d04] (rev a1)
05:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:22eb] (rev a1)

$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:03:00.0/0000:04:01.0/0000:05:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002D04sv0000196Esd00001440bc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
manual_install: True
driver   : nvidia-driver-575 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-570-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-580-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-570-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-580-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-580-server-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-570 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-575-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-580 - third-party non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-570-server-open - distro non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

éléments installés:

$ dpkg --get-selections | grep -i nvidia
libnvidia-cfg1-580:amd64			install
libnvidia-common-580				install
libnvidia-compute-580:amd64			install
libnvidia-decode-580:amd64			install
libnvidia-gpucomp-580:amd64			install
libnvidia-ml-dev:amd64				install
nvidia-cuda-dev:amd64				install
nvidia-dkms-580-open				install
nvidia-driver-assistant				install
nvidia-firmware-580				install
nvidia-headless-580-open			install
nvidia-headless-no-dkms-580-open		install
nvidia-kernel-common-580			install
nvidia-kernel-source-580-open			install
nvidia-modprobe					install
nvidia-persistenced				install
nvidia-utils-580				install

Log on plug PNY OC 16GB 5060 TI log 251125

Peut être une piste :

kernel: NVRM: Xid (PCI:0000:05:00): 79, GPU has fallen off the bus.
kernel: NVRM: GPU 0000:05:00.0: GPU has fallen off the bus.
...
kernel: [drm:nv_drm_dev_load [nvidia_drm]] *ERROR* [nvidia-drm] [GPU ID 0x00000500] Failed to allocate NvKmsKapiDevice

Sur les Internet on peut trouver:

• kernel command line : pcie_aspm=off
  • du coup le bridge PCI est identifié mais rien d'autre
• kernel command line : nvidia.NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0

On dirait que X11 voit la carte :

$ inxi -G
Graphics:
  Device-1: Intel Raptor Lake-P [Iris Xe Graphics] driver: i915 v: kernel
  Device-2: NVIDIA driver: nvidia v: 580.105.08
  Device-3: Chicony USB2.0 Camera driver: uvcvideo type: USB
  Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 21.1.11 with: Xwayland v: 23.2.6 driver: X:
    loaded: modesetting unloaded: fbdev,vesa dri: iris gpu: i915
    resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz
  API: EGL v: 1.5 drivers: iris,kms_swrast,swrast
    platforms: gbm,x11,surfaceless,device
  API: OpenGL v: 4.6 compat-v: 4.5 vendor: intel mesa
    v: 25.0.7-0ubuntu0.24.04.2 renderer: Mesa Intel Iris Xe Graphics (RPL-P)

J'ai blacklisté le module nvidia-drm pour éviter autant que possible que X11 entre dans la partie :

cat /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-blacklist-drm.conf 
blacklist nvidia-drm

et

$ cat /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-graphics-drivers-kms.conf 
# Nvidia modesetting support. Set to 0 or comment to disable kernel modesetting
# and framebuffer console support. This must be disabled in case of Mosaic or SLI.
#options nvidia-drm modeset=1

# pour de l'inférence uniquement, pas pour l'affichage.
options nvidia-drm modeset=0 fbdev=0

Avec certains modèles ya “CUDA Error” et dans les logs ya :

kernel: NVRM: GPU at PCI:0000:05:00: GPU-ab296f23-e6a6-a23b-b6c1-33f9b813df84
kernel: NVRM: GPU Board Serial Number: 0
kernel: NVRM: Xid (PCI:0000:05:00): 79, pid=3191, name=llama-bench, GPU has fallen off the bus.
kernel: NVRM: GPU 0000:05:00.0: GPU has fallen off the bus.
kernel: NVRM: GPU 0000:05:00.0: GPU serial number is 0.
kernel: NVRM: kgspRcAndNotifyAllChannels_IMPL: RC all channels for critical error 79.
kernel: NVRM: _threadNodeCheckTimeout: API_GPU_ATTACHED_SANITY_CHECK failed!
kernel: NVRM: _threadNodeCheckTimeout: API_GPU_ATTACHED_SANITY_CHECK failed!
kernel: NVRM: _threadNodeCheckTimeout: API_GPU_ATTACHED_SANITY_CHECK failed!
kernel: NVRM: _threadNodeCheckTimeout: API_GPU_ATTACHED_SANITY_CHECK failed!
...

Utilise le JHL7540 qui gère le lien Thunderbolt → PCIe

Le bridge PCI est là mais pas la NVidia :

$ lspci -t -v -k
...
+-07.0-[03-2c]----00.0-[04-2c]--+-01.0-[05]--
|                               +-02.0-[06]----00.0  Intel Corporation JHL7540 Thunderbolt 3 USB Controller [Titan Ridge DD 2018]
|                               \-04.0-[07-2c]--
...

la Gigabyte Windforce OC 12GB NVidia GeForce RTX 3060 est vue :

+-07.0-[03-2c]----00.0-[04-2c]--+-01.0-[05]--+-00.0  NVIDIA Corporation GA104 [GeForce RTX 3060]
|                               |            \-00.1  NVIDIA Corporation GA104 High Definition Audio Controller
|                               +-02.0-[06]----00.0  Intel Corporation JHL7540 Thunderbolt 3 USB Controller [Titan Ridge DD 2018]
|                               \-04.0-[07-2c]--

Il faut trouver la bonne “position” physique. C'est très fragile. 😩

La PNY Geforce RTX 5060 Ti est bien présente aussi sur le PCI bridge mais pas identifiée

+-07.0-[03-2c]----00.0-[04-2c]--+-01.0-[05]--+-00.0  NVIDIA Corporation Device 2d04
|                               |            \-00.1  NVIDIA Corporation Device 22eb
|                               +-02.0-[06]----00.0  Intel Corporation JHL7540 Thunderbolt 3 USB Controller [Titan Ridge DD 2018]
|                               \-04.0-[07-2c]--

Ce qui fait que nvidia-smi ne la voit pas, les autres outils non plus. 😩

sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:03:00.0/0000:04:01.0/0000:05:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002D04sv0000196Esd00001440bc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
manual_install: True
driver   : nvidia-driver-575-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-570 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-575 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-580 - third-party non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-580-server-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-580-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-580-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-570-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-570-server-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-570-server - distro non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

Thunderbolt 4 PCI Bridge.

kernel: thunderbolt 0-1: new device found, vendor=0x215 device=0x41
kernel: thunderbolt 0-1: TB4 HOME TB4 eGFX
boltd[1107]: [c9030000-0080-TB4 eGFX    ] parent is e49f8780-a06c...
boltd[1107]: [c9030000-0080-TB4 eGFX    ] connected: connected (/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.2/domain0/0-0/0-1)
boltd[1107]: [c9030000-0080-TB4 eGFX    ] auto-auth: authmode: enabled, policy: iommu, iommu: yes -> ok